Igor R Efimov

8175702, May 8, 2012

Nov 3, 2005

11/266755

Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Valentin I. Krinski - Villeneuve Loubet, FR
Vladimir P. Nikolski - Minneapolis MN, US

The Washington University - St. Louis MO

A61N 1/00

607 5, 607 14

A method for extinguishing a cardiac arrhythmia utilizes destructive interference of the passing of the reentry wave tip of an anatomical reentry through a depolarized region created by a relatively low voltage electric field in such a way as to effectively unpin the anatomical reentry. Preferably, the relatively low voltage electric field is defined by at least one unpinning shock(s) that are lower than an expected lower limit of vulnerability as established, for example, by a defibrillation threshold test. By understanding the physics of the electric field distribution between cardiac cells, the method permits the delivery of an electric field sufficient to unpin the core of the anatomical reentry, whether the precise or estimated location of the reentry is known or unknown and without the risk of inducting ventricular fibrillation. A number of embodiments for performing the method are disclosed.

8473051, Jun 25, 2013

Dec 29, 2011

13/340637

Richard J. Wessels - Scandia MN, US
Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Wenwen Li - St. Louis MO, US

Cardialen, Inc. - St. Louis MO

A61N 1/00

607 7

An implantable therapy generator that includes sensing circuitry that senses cardiac signals representative of atrial activity and ventricular activity; detection circuitry connected to the sensing circuitry; control circuitry that controls generation and selective delivery of a multi-stage atrial cardioversion therapy to implanted electrodes, each stage of the therapy including multiple pulses, each pulse including multiple high-frequency sub-pulses; and therapy circuitry. The therapy circuitry includes a high-voltage charging circuit charging a storage capacitor to a predetermined voltage; a delivery capacitor connectable to the storage capacitor; and a control circuit adapted to selectively cause the storage capacitor to be electrically connected to the delivery capacitor so as to charge the delivery capacitor to a predetermined delivery voltage, and to cause a delivery switching circuit to be repeatedly opened and closed at a predetermined rate, thereby causing the sub-pulses to be transmitted to the electrodes.

8509889, Aug 13, 2013

Dec 11, 2008

12/333257

Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Crystal M. Ripplinger - Cambridge MA, US
Vadim V. Fedorov - St. Louie MO, US
Kelley V. Foyil - Clayton MO, US
Christina Ambrosi - Richmond Heights MO, US

Washington University - St. Louis MO

A61N 1/00

607 9, 607 5

Methods for treating atrial arrhythmias can involve configuring an implantable arrhythmia treatment device. A device can be configured after implantation when the patient is fully conscious and after any pain suppression medication has worn off. The device is caused to apply a phased unpinning far field therapy to the patient in response to detection of an arrhythmia via a far field configuration of electrodes. An indication of a pain sensation of the patient and the effectiveness of the treatment in response to the therapy can then be received. In response, at least one of a set of therapy parameters is adjusted and the steps are repeated until it is determined that an effective treatment is provide at a pain sensation that is tolerable to the patient. The device is then programmed to automatically treat arrhythmias detected in the patient with the determined set of therapy parameters.

8560066, Oct 15, 2013

May 7, 2010

12/776196

Igor Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Wenwen Li - St. Louis MO, US
Ajit Janardhan - St. Louis MO, US

Washington University - St. Louis MO

A61N 1/39

607 5

Methods and apparatus for a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy that treats atrial arrhythmias within pain tolerance thresholds of a patient. An implantable therapy generator adapted to generate and selectively deliver a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy and at least two leads operably each having at least one electrode adapted to be positioned proximate the atrium of the patient. The device is programmed with a set of therapy parameters for delivering a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy to the patient via both a far-field configuration and a near-field configuration of the electrodes upon detection of an atrial arrhythmia. The three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy includes a first stage for unpinning of one or more singularities associated with an atrial arrhythmia, a second stage for anti-repinning of the one or more singularities associated with the atrial arrhythmia, both of which are delivered via the far-field configuration of the electrodes, and a third stage for extinguishing of the one or more singularities associated with the atrial arrhythmia delivered via the near-field configuration of the electrodes.

8639325, Jan 28, 2014

May 4, 2012

13/464537

Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Valentin I. Krinski - Villeneuve Loubet, FR
Vladimir P. Nikolski - Minenapolis MN, US

Washington University - St. Louis MO

A61N 1/00

607 5, 607 14, 607 25

A method for extinguishing a cardiac arrhythmia utilizes destructive interference of the passing of the reentry wave tip of an anatomical reentry through a depolarized region created by a relatively low voltage electric field in such a way as to effectively unpin the anatomical reentry. Preferably, the relatively low voltage electric field is defined by at least one unpinning shock(s) that are lower than an expected lower limit of vulnerability as established, for example, by a defibrillation threshold test. By understanding the physics of the electric field distribution between cardiac cells, the method permits the delivery of an electric field sufficient to unpin the core of the anatomical reentry, whether the precise or estimated location of the reentry is known or unknown and without the risk of inducting ventricular fibrillation. A number of embodiments for performing the method are disclosed.

20120203297, Aug 9, 2012

Jan 12, 2012

13/349527

Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Wenwen Li - St. Louis MO, US
Ajit Janardhan - St. Louis MO, US

A61N 1/365

607 25

Methods and apparatus for a three-stage ventricular cardioversion and defibrillation therapy that treats ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation at low energy levels. An implantable therapy generator adapted to generate and selectively deliver a three-stage ventricular therapy and at least two leads operably each having at least one electrode adapted to be positioned proximate the ventricle of the patient. The device is programmed to deliver a three-stage therapy via both a far-field configuration and a near-field configuration of the electrodes upon detection of a ventricular arrhythmia. The three-stage therapy includes a first stage for unpinning of one or more singularities associated with the ventricular arrhythmia, a second stage for anti-repinning of the one or more singularities, both of which are delivered via the far-field configuration of the electrodes, and a third stage for extinguishing of the one or more singularities associated delivered via the near-field configuration of the electrodes.

20120209343, Aug 16, 2012

Jan 12, 2012

13/349517

Igor R. Efimov - Wildwood MO, US
Wenwen Li - St. Louis MO, US
Ajit Janardhan - St. Louis MO, US

A61N 1/39

607 5, 607 14

Methods and apparatus for a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy that treats atrial arrhythmias within pain tolerance thresholds of a patient. An implantable therapy generator adapted to generate and selectively deliver a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy and at least two leads, each having at least one electrode adapted to be positioned proximate the atrium of the patient. The device is programmed for delivering a three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy via both a far-field configuration and a near-field configuration of the electrodes upon detection of an atrial arrhythmia. The three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy includes a first stage for unpinning of one or more singularities associated with an atrial arrhythmia, a second stage for anti-repinning of the one or more singularities, both of which are delivered via the far-field configuration of the electrodes, and a third stage for extinguishing of the one or more singularities delivered via the near-field configuration of the electrodes.

20230085578, Mar 16, 2023

Sep 2, 2022

17/901979

- Washington DC, US
Igor R. EFIMOV - Washington DC, US

A61B 5/00

Systems and methods are disclosed for an optical mapping device. The device emits different wavelengths of light from a plurality of light sources to a cardiac tissue and passes the light through a lens, a first filter cube in the path of the light with a first light filter, a second light filter, and a third light filter. Light passing through the filters is recorded by three cameras that each record an indicator of cardiac physiology, which are mapped simultaneously by the device.